Perilaku Penderita dalam Pencegahan dan Penularan Tuberkulosis di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simpang Raya Kabupaten Banggai

Patient Behavior in the Prevention and Transmission of Tuberculosis in the Working Area of Simpang Raya Public Health Center, Banggai Regency

Abstract

Tuberkulosis (TBC) adalah salah satu penyebab utama kematian di dunia dan tetap menjadi beban kesehatan masyarakat yang besar dibanyak negara berkembang. Hasil riset Kementrian Kesehatan Repubik Indonesia 2018, menyebutkan bahwa jumlah prevalensi Tuberkulosis paru klinis yang tersebar di seluruh indonesia yaitu 1,0%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perilaku penderita tuberkulosis dalam pencegahan penularan TB paru di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Simpang Raya Kabupaten Banggai Tahun 2023. Jenis penelitian menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan Fenomenologi. Subyek penelitian yaitu penderita TB, keluarga penderita TB, dan pemegang program penyakit menular Puskesmas Simpang Raya. Metode yang digunakan ialah teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa telah ada pencegahan  TB Paru di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Simpang Raya Kabupaten Banggai, meliputi; menyediakan tempat dahak bagi penderita, membuka jendela setiap hari, menutup mulut saat bersin atau batuk, dan tidak merokok. Namun belum semua penderita melakukan pencegahan tersebut, dengan alasan tidak mengetahui pencegahan terhadap TB Paru. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa; Penderita TB Paru di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Simpang Raya telah melakukan pencegahan penularan TB Paru dengan menyediakan tempat dahak, membuka jendela tiap hari, tidak menutup mulut saat bersin atau batuk, dan tidak merokok. Meskipun dalam penelitian ini, belum dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh semua penderita TB.

Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and remains a major public health burden in many developing countries. The results of research by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018 stated that the prevalence of clinical pulmonary tuberculosis spread throughout Indonesia was 1.0%. The aim of this research is to determine the behavior of tuberculosis sufferers in preventing transmission of pulmonary TB in the work area of the Simpang Raya Public Health Center, Banggai Regency in 2023. This type of research uses qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The research subjects were TB sufferers, families of TB sufferers, and holders of the Simpang Raya Community Health Center's infectious disease program. The method used is a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results showed that there had been prevention of pulmonary TB in the Simpang Raya Public Health Center working area, Banggai Regency, including; provide a place for phlegm for sufferers, open windows every day, cover your mouth when sneezing or coughing, and don't smoke. However, not all sufferers take this precaution, because they do not know how to prevent pulmonary TB. The conclusion from this research is that; Pulmonary TB sufferers in the Simpang Raya Community Health Center work area have prevented the transmission of pulmonary TB by providing phlegm containers, opening windows every day, not covering their mouths when sneezing or coughing, and not smoking. Although this research was not carried out completely on all TB sufferers.