Gambaran Kondisi Fisik Rumah Balita ISPA di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kolonodale Kecamatan Petasia Kabupaten Morowali Utara

Description of the Physical Condition of the ISPA Toddler House in the Working Area of the Kolonodale Health Center Petasia District North Morowali Regency

Abstract

Lingkungan rumah yang tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan dan tidak terawat merupakan faktor risiko sumber penularan penyakit. Salah satunya kondisi rumah (tidak memiliki ventilasi, langit-langit tidak mudah dibersihkan, lantai tanah dan kepadatan hunian). Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) adalah infeksi saluran pernapasan yang disebabkan oleh virus atau bakteri dan berlangsung selama 14 hari. Penyakit ISPA merupakan infeksi akut yang menyerang saluran pernapasan bagian atas dan bagian bawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran kondisi fisik rumah balita penderita ISPA di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Kolonodale Kabupaten Morowali Utara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh rumah balita penderita ISPA di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Kolonodale tahun 2021 sebanyak 133 rumah. Keseluruhan data dibandingkan dengan Persyaratan Kesehatan Rumah Tinggal berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI No.829/Menkes/SK/VII/1999. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kondisi kesehatan rumah penderita Ispa masih kurang baik. 27,8 % rumah tinggal belum dilengkapi ventilasi rumah yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan. 13,3% rumah belum ada langit-langit. Lantai rumah masih terbuat dari tanah (21,1%) dan masih ada beberapa rumah dengan jumlah penghuni kamar lebih dari 3 orang (30,1%). Perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang rumah sehat serta hubungannya dengan kejadian penyakit. Diharapkan Petugas kesehatan dapat memberikan penyuluhan kepada orang tua balita agar meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pencegahan penyakit ISPA pada balita.

The home environment that does not meet health requirements and is not maintained is a risk factor for disease transmission sources such as houses with no ventilation, ceilings that are not easy to clean, soil floors and residential density. Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a respiratory infection caused by a virus or bacteria and lasts for 14 days. ARI is an acute infection that attacks the upper and lower respiratory tract. This study aims to see the description of the physical condition of the house for toddlers with ARI in the working area of ​​the UPT Puskesmas Kolonodale, North Morowali Regency. This type of research is descriptive to get a physical picture of the house. The study population was all houses of toddlers with ARI patients in the work area of ​​the UPT Puskesmas Kolonodale in 2021 as many as 133 houses. A sample of 133 houses was obtained by the total sampling method. The overall data was compared with the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 829/Menkes/SK/VII/1999 Residential Health Requirements. The results showed that in general the health conditions of homes with ARI patients were still not good. Around 27.8% of residential houses are not equipped with house ventilation that meets health requirements, also most of them do not have a ceiling (17.3%), the floor of the house is still made of soil (21.1%) and there are still some houses with the number of room occupants is more than 3 people (30.1%). Efforts need to be made to increase public knowledge about healthy homes and their relationship to disease incidence. It is hoped that health workers can provide counseling to parents of toddlers in order to increase public knowledge about preventing ARI in toddlers.